Thursday, November 19, 2015

Draft of paper 3

English 101
Dr. Sonia Begert
Morgan Carlson
December 1, 2015


Keeping a Family Milk Cow

     A number of generations have passed since a family milk cow was common. With the growing trend for self-sufficiency and food security many people are considering adding a cow to their small acreage farm. With two acres, a good fence, and a small shelter it is possible to decide to have a cow. A cow is an investment of time and money. Cows eat a lot of food, and produce a lot of waste. Cows also create a delicious healthy food that people can live off of. Their manure is a wonderful way to amend your garden and your field will always look trimmed and mown. Looking out into your pasture watching your cow turn grass into milk, gives a satisfying feeling of contentment and well-being. Having a cow requires a decision. In this essay I will explain how cows will make a great addition to any farm.

      Knowledge of dietary needs, diseases and their potential impact is necessary to reduce any health problems your cow could develop. The health of your animal directly influences the quantity and quality of the milk. This type information is readily available in books and on-line. With the proper amount of pasture, hay, and fresh water a healthy cow will produce a sufficient amount of milk for a family.  A cow can provide a majority of a family's caloric intake with milk, yogurt, and cheeses. Home made dairy foods create a vital life sustaining diet. Many frontier families literally lived off their family cow.  In order to produce milk a cow needs to first have a baby calf. Yes, breeding is necessary in order to have milk. There are people trained in artificial insemination who can breed your cow without having to keep a bull. As long as you continue to milk a cow can go for several years on one lactation cycle. Milking can be done on your schedule as long as it is done regularly. If you leave the calf nursing it is possible to milk only once per day reducing the amount of time needed for caring for your cow. Milking can be done by hand or with a milking machine. This process can usually be accomplished within one half hour including cleanup.
      Fresh milk from the cow needs to be tasted to help make your decision. Store bought homogenized milk has a watery consistency in my opinion. Fresh products of any kind generally have a superior flavor. In my opinion fresh milk is full of a variety of flavors ranging from nutty to creamy. Depending on the season and what your cow has been eating will subtly change the delicate nuances in the milk. This influences not only the beverage of milk but the types of cheese you may choose to make. My family makes cheddar capturing a nutty flavor in the spring and a soft herbal cheese during the summer when the milk has a creamy quality.  You will need to judge for yourself.

      The government provides many stern warnings regarding the dangers of raw milk. Raw milk can contain dangerous bacteria such as Salmonella, E. Coli, and Listeria. Practicing safe handling can eliminate the possibility of this and since you are milking yourself you can control this handling unlike purchasing it from an outside source. Pasteurizing your own milk is possible and relatively easy if this is a concern however; 10 million people in the U.S. alone actively seek out raw milk. Raw milk usually comes from cows that graze on grass. Raw milk from a healthy grass fed animal can form an important part of a healthy diet. It is the kind of diet that can eliminate doctors.  Raw milk contains lactic acid producing bacteria that protect against pathogens. Pasteurization destroys these helpful organisms, leaving the finished product devoid of any protective mechanism should undesirable bacteria inadvertently contaminate the supply. Raw milk in time turns pleasantly sour while pasteurized milk lacking the beneficial bacteria, will petrify. That is not all that pasteurization does to milk. Heat alters milk's amino acids making the whole complex of proteins less available; it promotes rancidity of unsaturated fatty acids and destruction of vitamins. Vitamin C is usually completely lost and it alters mineral components such as calcium, chlorine, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and sulphur as well as many trace minerals making them less available. Pasteurized milk puts a strain on the pancreas to produce digestive enzymes explains why milk consumption in civilized societies is linked or diabetes. Pasteurization destroys all the enzymes in milk. The test for successful pasteurization is absence of enzymes. Many people experience digestive and other problems when they consume pasteurized milk, but have no trouble with raw milk. There is substantial epidemiological evidence from studies in Europe that consumption of raw milk during childhood may protect against asthma, allergies and other immune-mediated diseases. A large cross-sectional study demonstrated a significant inverse association between “farm milk” consumption and childhood asthma, rhino conjunctivitis, sensitization to pollen and other allergens. It is thought that low does exposure to a variety of commercial bacteria may help regulate immune responses. Another hypothesis is that the higher level of omega-3 fatty acids in grass fed dairy help reduce atopy risk. Unpasteurized milk is somewhat less susceptible to contamination than pasteurized milk due to its probiotic bacteria and antimicrobial enzymes. However, hygiene standards are important when handling unpasteurized dairy products. (Chris Kresser; Let's Take Back Your Health, Raw Milk Reality May 18, 2012. WEB)
  
Manure
     A lactating cow can produce 150 lbs. of manure daily. Is this a problem or a benefit? Fresh manure contains microbes that may be dangerous.  If manure touches food it can cause food borne illnesses. While in the process of decomposing the microbial activity creates heat that can burn your plants.  If it is not stored in an appropriate location runoff can cause drinking water to become contaminated. The smell is also something that comes to mind when discussing manure. This all sounds like a disaster however, manure is an excellent organic fertilizer and has been used since the dawn of agriculture to increase plant production. Manure increases the organic matter in soil and increases the water-holding capacity in sandy soils while increasing drainage in clay soils. It reduces water and wind erosion and promotes the growth of earth worms.(Carl Rosen and Peter M. Bierman; Dept. of soil and water, and climate University of Minnesota. Commercial Fruit and Vegetable Production Using Manure and compost as nutrient sources for fruit and vegetable crops)If it is stored and composted you can make sure that no runoff occurs. Wheelbarrows, buckets, and equipment that have touched fresh manure should not touch produce that will be eaten raw.  It should be incorporated into the soil when it has been aged. If you didn't have a cow commercially processed bagged manure is available to purchase. This would eliminate any risk of being exposed to pathogens in raw manure. The catch to this is that the manure is from commercial feed lots and probably contains antibiotics and other products that an organic homestead is trying to avoid. The manure from your family cow usually contains bedding which is carbon rich. The manure is nitrogen rich so when composting this is the perfect blend. With the proper carbon/nitrogen ratio the manure pile will break down rapidly and any smell can be eliminated by adding more high-carbon material like dry leaves, sawdust, or hay, to reduce it. Once composted you will have a beautiful, crumbly, black, odorless soil to put on all your plants.  Manure is a valuable fertilizer for any farming operation and has been for centuries to supply needed nutrients for crop growth. With proper handling this product is frequently referred to as black gold.


Food security, a health giving food with great taste, and a beneficial soil amendment influenced my family's decision to get a cow. As a matter of fact we got two.

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